Increases in adipose tissue have been linked with higher serum concentrations of estrogens and lower levels of serum testosterone [21,23]. As previously discussed, the men within the present sample exhibited much higher serum estrogen concentrations than the men in the previous study. Taken together, it is likely that metabolic changes as a result of being overweight or obese transform the Selleck Idasanutlin manner in which the endocrine system is influenced through exogenous factors, such as dietary supplements. In comparing serum estrogen concentration, responses to Resettin®/MyTosterone™ were different across both studies. Following Selleckchem BAY 63-2521 baseline subtraction, average serum estrogen concentrations for an

individual ARS-1620 order in the aforementioned study [19] were found to decrease significantly from baseline to day 7 in the low dosage group (800 mg/day), as well as from baseline to days 3, 7, and 14 in the high dosage group (2000 mg/day). Interestingly, the present study found similar patterns with a much lower dose of the supplement such that serum estrogen concentrations were found to be lower on average for the high dosage treatment group (1200 mg/day). The placebo group, in contrast, exhibited higher concentrations of estrogen overall.

These data also support the idea that the metabolic profiles of participants in the current sample may not be comparable to that of the previous study, owing to confounding factors related to higher amounts of adipose tissue. Indeed, according to recently published data, estrogen levels for adult

males typically range from between 37 to 110 pM [25]. Baseline concentration levels of participants in the current study ranged from 85 to 90 pM, while they ranged from 21.5 to 24 pM in the previous study. In conjunction, serum DHT concentrations were much higher at baseline in the present sample compared to the previous study. Interestingly, despite these differences, at day 14 the groups in both studies exhibited lower concentrations of Acesulfame Potassium serum DHT when compared to the placebo group. More specifically, in the current study the low dose group (800 mg/day) started out with concentrations of 6 nM of serum DHT and dropped more than 0.6 nM over the course of 14 days. Further, the high dosage group (1200 mg/day) exhibited an increase in serum DHT concentrations to approximately 1 nM at day 14, while the DHT levels for the placebo group also rose to approximately 2 nM. These data indicate that, given the likely contribution of higher levels of adipose tissue among participants in the present sample, it may be beneficial to examine the endocrine response, particularly testosterone levels, using a higher dose of Resettin®/MyTosterone™. Further, individuals included in the present sample were drawn from the U.S. population, while participants from the previous study were drawn from a country in west Central Africa.