“
“Purpose: To investigate the effect of different solvents on the in vitro skin permeability of vitamin B-12.

Method: Vitamin B-12 (B-12) permeability experiments through rat skin pretreated with various solvents namely, propylene glycol, oleoyl macrogol-6-glycerides, propylene glycol monocaprylate and oleic acid, were performed in Franz diffusion cells and compared with hydrated rat skin as control. The permeability parameters evaluated include steady-state flux (J(ss)), lag time (T-lag), permeability coefficient (Kp) and diffusion coefficient (D). The solvents’ permeability enhancement buy RG-7388 mechanisms were investigated by comparing of changes

Navitoclax in vitro in peak position and their intensities of assymmetric (Asy) and symmetric (Sym) C-H stretching, and C=O stretching absorbance using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), as well as by comparing mean transition temperature (Tm) and their enthalpies (Delta H) using differential scanning calorimetery (DSC).

Results: All the solvents significantly decreased diffusion coefficient (p < 0.05), with capryol showing the greatest enhancement

ratio (ERD) based on diffusion coefficient followed by labrafil, oleic acid and propylene glycol. Flux enhancement ratio (ERflux) for all the solvents was < ERD. The solubility of B-12 in stratum corneum was the rate-limiting step in partitioning. All solvents with different lipophilic properties decreased drug solubility in the stratum corneum and hence lowered partitioning and flux. FTIR and DSC results showed lipid fluidization and extraction by labrafil and capryol, disruption of lipid structure and fluidization by oleic acid, and interaction with stratum corneum keratin by propylene glycol.

Conclusion:

Water is a suitable topical vehicle for B-12 as it can increase partitioning and diffusion through rat skin.”
“Objective. To determine whether selleck preterm premature rupture of membranes (PPROM) in the presence of a cerclage is associated with an increased incidence of intrauterine infection and/or adverse neonatal outcome compared to PPROM in the absence of cerclage.

Study design. Patients diagnosed with PPROM with a cerclage (cases) between 24-34 weeks were matched (1:2.6) for gestational age at PPROM, gestational number, and chorionicity with patients diagnosed with PPROM without a cerclage (controls).

Results. Pregnancy latency period was not different but the rates of chorioamnionitis [clinical (26.6% versus 13.5%) and histological (92.6% versus 65.4%)] and the rates of adverse perinatal outcome were higher following PPROM in the presence of a cerclage compared with no cerclage.

Conclusion.