A list of sentences is returned by this JSON schema. PZT films, characterized by a large transverse piezoelectric coefficient e31,f and a highly (001)-oriented structure, were reported on (111) Si substrates in 121, 182902, and 2022. Silicon (Si)'s isotropic mechanical properties, coupled with its desirable etching characteristics, are highlighted in this work as crucial for the development of piezoelectric micro-electro-mechanical systems (Piezo-MEMS). Despite the attainment of high piezoelectric performance in these PZT films following rapid thermal annealing, the underlying mechanisms have not been comprehensively investigated. find protocol We report complete data sets on the microstructure (XRD, SEM, TEM) and electrical characteristics (ferroelectric, dielectric, piezoelectric) for these films under different annealing times: 2, 5, 10, and 15 minutes. Through examination of the data, we discovered opposing effects on the electrical properties of the PZT films, namely, a decrease in residual PbO and an increase in nanopores as the annealing time was extended. Ultimately, the latter aspect proved to be the chief cause of the deteriorated piezoelectric performance. Therefore, the PZT film annealed in a timeframe of 2 minutes showcased the most significant e31,f piezoelectric coefficient. Moreover, the diminished performance of the PZT film annealed for ten minutes can be attributed to a shift in film morphology, encompassing not just a transformation in grain shape, but also the development of a substantial number of nanopores near its base interface.

The construction industry has found glass to be an increasingly crucial and indispensable material. In spite of advancements, numerical models are still essential to anticipate the strength of structural glass, contingent on varied arrangements. A significant contributing factor to the complexity is the failure of glass elements, which is largely a result of pre-existing microscopic flaws at the surface level. These flaws are uniformly dispersed throughout the glass, with varying characteristics for each. Hence, the fracture toughness of glass is presented by a probabilistic function that hinges on panel dimensions, loading circumstances, and the distribution of existing flaws. By incorporating model selection via the Akaike information criterion, this paper improves upon the strength prediction model proposed by Osnes et al. find protocol Consequently, we can pinpoint the most appropriate probability density function, which accurately models the strength of glass panels. The analyses suggest that the model best suited for the task is primarily influenced by the quantity of defects experiencing the highest tensile stresses. A normal or Weibull distribution better characterizes strength when numerous flaws are present. A preponderance of minor imperfections leads to a distribution that closely resembles a Gumbel distribution. A parameter analysis is performed to ascertain the most important and influential parameters within the framework of the strength prediction model.

The power consumption and latency difficulties encountered in the von Neumann architecture have driven the development of a new architectural paradigm. The new system may find a promising candidate in a neuromorphic memory system, as it is capable of processing significant amounts of digital data. The new system hinges upon the crossbar array (CA) as its basic building block; this array incorporates a selector and a resistor. The promising potential of crossbar arrays is hampered by the significant challenge of sneak current. This current can cause erroneous readings between contiguous memory cells, thus resulting in an incorrect operation of the entire array. The ovonic threshold switch (OTS), crafted from chalcogenide materials, is a highly effective selector with highly non-linear current-voltage relationships, capable of resolving the issue of parasitic current. The objective of this research was to evaluate the electrical characteristics of an OTS, employing a layered TiN/GeTe/TiN design. The device under consideration demonstrates nonlinear DC I-V characteristics, an impressive endurance surpassing 10^9 in burst read measurements, and a consistently stable threshold voltage lower than 15 mV/decade. Moreover, the device showcases robust thermal stability below 300°C, preserving its amorphous structure, a definite indicator of the previously discussed electrical characteristics.

Asian urbanization processes, presently in progress, are expected to result in a rise in aggregate demand in upcoming years. Although construction and demolition waste serves as a source of secondary building materials in developed nations, Vietnam's ongoing urbanization process has yet to establish it as a viable alternative construction material. Therefore, the construction industry must explore alternatives to river sand and aggregates in concrete, specifically manufactured sand (m-sand) created from either primary rock sources or secondary waste materials. This Vietnamese study investigated m-sand as a replacement for river sand and different types of ash as substitutes for cement within concrete. Concrete lab tests, adhering to the formulations of concrete strength class C 25/30 as per DIN EN 206, were part of the investigations, culminating in a lifecycle assessment study to evaluate the environmental impact of alternative solutions. Eighty-four samples, encompassing three reference samples, eighteen with primary substitutes, eighteen with secondary substitutes, and forty-five with cement substitutes, were examined in total. This groundbreaking investigation, unique to Vietnam and Asia, used a holistic approach including material alternatives and associated LCA, thereby creating significant value for future resource management policies. Upon examination of the results, all m-sands, with the exception of metamorphic rocks, prove suitable for the creation of quality concrete. In the study of cement replacement, the mixed formulations indicated a relationship between a higher ash content and a decrease in compressive strength. The compressive strength of concrete mixtures incorporating up to 10% coal filter ash or rice husk ash matched that of the C25/30 standard concrete formulation. The presence of ash, exceeding 30% by volume, degrades the characteristics of concrete. The LCA study's results revealed that the 10% substitution material yielded a more positive environmental impact compared to primary materials across a range of environmental impact categories. Cement's presence as a constituent in concrete, according to the LCA analysis, yielded the largest environmental footprint. Secondary waste materials, as a cement alternative, present a notable environmental benefit.

High strength and high conductivity are key characteristics of a copper alloy, especially when zirconium and yttrium are added. Analysis of the solidified microstructure, thermodynamics, and phase equilibria of the Cu-Zr-Y ternary system is projected to yield significant advancements in the development of HSHC copper alloy designs. This research delved into the solidified and equilibrium microstructure of the Cu-Zr-Y ternary system, and determined phase transition temperatures, all through the use of X-ray diffraction (XRD), electron probe microanalysis (EPMA), and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The isothermal section at 973 Kelvin was meticulously constructed through experimental procedures. No ternary compound was identified, but the Cu6Y, Cu4Y, Cu7Y2, Cu5Zr, Cu51Zr14, and CuZr phases significantly expanded within the ternary system. By utilizing the CALPHAD (CALculation of PHAse diagrams) method, the Cu-Zr-Y ternary system was evaluated, drawing upon experimental phase diagram data from this work and previous publications. find protocol The experimental results are well-supported by the thermodynamic description's computations of isothermal sections, vertical sections, and the liquidus projection. Beyond providing a thermodynamic understanding of the Cu-Zr-Y system, this research also plays a crucial role in designing copper alloys with the specified microstructure.

The quality of surface roughness remains a substantial concern in laser powder bed fusion (LPBF) processes. This investigation introduces a wobble-scanning approach to enhance the shortcomings of conventional scanning methods in addressing surface irregularities. A custom-controller-equipped laboratory LPBF system was tasked with fabricating Permalloy (Fe-79Ni-4Mo) using two scanning strategies, namely, the conventional line scanning (LS) and the proposed wobble-based scanning (WBS). This study examines the impact of these two scanning approaches on the porosity and surface roughness metrics. Analysis of the results reveals that WBS achieves higher surface accuracy than LS, leading to a 45% reduction in surface roughness. Subsequently, WBS demonstrates the capability to generate surface structures exhibiting periodicity, presented in either a fish scale or a parallelogram arrangement, dictated by properly configured parameters.

This research aims to understand how various humidity levels influence the free shrinkage strain of ordinary Portland cement (OPC) concrete, and how shrinkage-reducing admixtures affect its mechanical properties. Five percent quicklime and two percent organic-based liquid shrinkage-reducing agent (SRA) were incorporated into a C30/37 OPC concrete mix. The investigation's findings indicated that employing quicklime and SRA together minimized concrete shrinkage strain to the greatest extent. The addition of polypropylene microfiber did not contribute as significantly to reducing concrete shrinkage as the two previous additives. The EC2 and B4 models' approach to calculating concrete shrinkage in the absence of quicklime additive was implemented and the outcome was compared to the experimental measurements. The B4 model, in contrast to the EC2 model, performs a more thorough evaluation of parameters, prompting modifications to account for concrete shrinkage under varying humidity levels and to assess the impact of quicklime additions. The modified B4 model yielded the experimental shrinkage curve exhibiting the most remarkable agreement with the theoretical curve.