005.
Conclusion: Improvements in case ascertainment may have contributed to the increase in hospital admissions. The increased application of TEVAR, particularly for dissections, is mainly in those above 75 years and has not yet translated into an accelerated survival benefit., (C) 2012 European Society for Vascular Surgery. European Society for Vascular Surgery. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. Article history: Received 14 September 2012, Accepted 10 December 2012, Available online 29 December 2012″
“Introduction. Angiotensin II (AngII) regulates
blood pressure and water and electrolyte metabolism through the stimulation of NAD(P)H oxidase and production of reactive oxygen Rabusertib nmr species (ROS) such as O-2(-), which is metabolised by superoxide dismutase, catalase and glutathione peroxidase. We assessed the role of AT(1) and AT(2) receptors, NAD(P)H oxidase and protein kinase C (PKC) in Ang II-induced sodium and water excretion and their capacity to stimulate antioxidant enzymes
in the rat hypothalamus, a brain structure known to express a high density of AngII receptors.
Materials and methods. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were intracerebroventricularly (ICV) injected with AngII and urinary sodium and water excretion was assessed. Urine sodium concentration was determined using flame photometry. After decapitation the hypothalamus was microdissected under stereomicroscopic control. Superoxide dismutase, catalase and glutathione peroxidase activity were determined
spectrophotometrically and extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK1/2) activation was analysed by Western blot.
Results. AngII-ICV resulted in antidiuresis and natriuresis. buy ML323 ICV administration of losartan, PD123319, apocynin and chelerythrine blunted natriuresis. In hypothalamus, AngII increased catalase, superoxide dismutase and glutation peroxidase activity and ERK1/2 phosphorylation. These actions were prevented by losartan, apocynin and chelerythrine, and increased by PD123319.
Conclusions. AT(1) and AT(2) receptors, NAD(P)H oxidase and PKC pathway are involved in the regulation of hydromineral metabolism and antioxidant enzyme activity induced by AngII.”
“Objective: To develop a method of event-based selleck products analysis that quantifies the fragmented nature of walking bouts in individuals with intermittent claudication [IC] and compare outcomes with age and gender-matched healthy controls.
Design: Cross-sectional.
Materials: The activPAL(TM) physical activity monitor.
Methods: 7-day physical activity patterns were compared between individuals with IC (n = 30) and controls matched for age and gender (n = 30). The ratio of the number of walking events to upright events was calculated to provide an event-based claudication index (EBCI) that represented the fragmented nature of walking bouts commonly reported in those with IC.
Results: Individuals with IC had a greater EBCI than age matched controls indicating a more fragmented walking pattern (5.8 +/- 2.0 vs. 7.