17 One study to date has examined the antidepressant effect of TSH. Prange and collaborators18 administered ten IU of TSH intravenously

to 20 depressed women 1 day before beginning an antidepressant trial with the tricyclic imipramine. The TSH-treated patients had a rapid antidepressant response when compared with a placebo control group. There are no replication studies, and clearly the intravenous administration required would limit the clinical utility of this hormone. Tri-iodothyronine The thyroid gland secretes two major hormones, levothyroxine (T4) and tri-iodothyronine (T3).17 T4 is the major secretory product of the Inhibitors,research,lifescience,medical thyroid, and most T4 undergoes Inhibitors,research,lifescience,medical peripheral conversion to T3 in order to exert its physiological action.17 T3 is the most broadly used thyroid hormone for treatment of depression, in contrast to in endocrine patients where T4 is routinely used for thyroid replacement therapy17 In early studies, T3 was used as monotherapy for the treatment of depressed patients.19,20 The data from these Inhibitors,research,lifescience,medical studies are largely inconclusive, as they involved small patient samples, inadequate clinical trial designs by current

methodological standards, and the use of heterogeneous Inhibitors,research,lifescience,medical patient groups who, by today’s diagnostic criteria, would not necessarily have major depression. There have been no well-designed studies of T3 monotherapy to date, and, therefore, its use as a single treatment for depression has not gained any clinical use. T3 has been used in three other ways in the treatment of depression: In the initial few weeks of

an antidepressant trial to Fasudil datasheet reduce the delay Inhibitors,research,lifescience,medical in antidepressant effect – acceleration studies To improve treatment response in those who do not respond adequately to an antidepressant trial – augmentation studies To enhance antidepressant response by being used throughout the antidepressant trial – enhancement studies. Acceleration studies These studies are reviewed in Table II. In the first of these Carnitine palmitoyltransferase II studies in 1969, Prange and collaborators21 used T3 to accelerate the response to tricyclic antidepressants. In several studies,21,22,24 they demonstrated that if T3 was administered at the outset of a tricyclic antidepressant trial, there was a shorter lag in onset of therapeutic effect as compared with placebo controls. This acceleration effect was noted particularly in women as compared with men.21-26 In the next few years, several studies were performed, some of which replicated these findings, although some had negative results.