36 Role of stress responsivity in the acquisition and persistence of specific addicitive diseases, and the impact of chronic exposure to drugs

of abuse and withdrawal therefrom on components of the stress-responsive system, along with identification of potential new targets for therapeutic intervention In our recent Inhibitors,research,lifescience,medical studies, we have also further explored the relative role of dopamine D1 and dopamine D2 receptors in various specific neurobiological changes, or neural plasticity, resulting from chronic exposure to cocaine. Since it has been well established that dopamine plays a major role in the rewarding properties of cocaine, and since it has been Inhibitors,research,lifescience,medical established for a long time that one of cocaine’s prlmary sites of action is the presynaptic reuptake transporter for dopamine, where cocaine, by blocking reuptake, effects a flooding of perlsynaptlc space with dopamine, we have tried to dissect out the relative role of dopamine D1-like versus dopamine D2-like receptors in some of the resultant changes, both in behaviors, but also in gene expression and neuropeptide levels. During the last 5 years, we have Inhibitors,research,lifescience,medical completed further studies of the

effects of selective dopamine D1-like and also dopamine D2-like receptor antagonists during acute binge-pattern cocaine administration on corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) mRNA levels and pro-opiomelanocortin (POMC) mRNA levels in the hypothalamus. In earlier studies, we have found that both dopamine D1-like and also dopamine D2-like antagonists attenuate

the chronic binge-pattern cocaine-induced increase in adrenocorticotropin Inhibitors,research,lifescience,medical hormone (ACTH) and corticosterone levels.37 Further, we have shown that an attenuation Inhibitors,research,lifescience,medical of cocalne-induced changes in stress hormone levels similarly occurs in animals with complete deletion of the DARPP-32 protein, which is involved directly in dopamine D1 receptor signal transduction.38 in our recent studies, we again found that both dopamine D1-like and dopamine D2-like antagonists attenuated the elevation of corticosterone levels by acute, as well as in our earlier studies of chronic, binge-pattern cocaine.39 The Carfilzomib previously identified acute binge cocaine-induced increases in hypothalamic CRF mRNA levels were not found in rats pretreated either with a dopamine D1-like or D2-llke antagonist. Further, we found that neither the dopamine D1-like or dopamine D2-like receptor antagonists alone, in the absence of cocaine, altered mRNA levels of CRF in the hypothalamus. Thus, these results further ROCK1 support our earlier concept, that both dopamine D1 receptors and dopamine D2 receptors mediate acute as well as chronic cocaine’s stimulatory effects on the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis.