90 ± 33.00 μmol/L) and the mean serum creatinine in the control group was higher (117.14 ± 44.55 μmol/L), but these differences were not significant (P = 0.69) (Table 3). At the 3-year follow-up, the eGFR was 56.13 ± 12.51 mL/min in the treatment group and 59.39 ± 11.58 mL/min

in the control group (P = 0.40) (Table 3). The rate of change of eGFR was 0.67 ± 2.23 mL/min per year in the treatment group and −0.69 ± 2.15 mL/min per year in the control group (P = 0.068). At baseline and throughout the follow-up, the mean blood pressure was less than 130/80 mmHg in both groups. At the 1-year follow-up, the systolic pressure was 114.79 ± 11.14 mmHg in the treatment group and 116.00 ± 12.74 mmHg in the control group (P = 0.11 and P = 0.02, selleck chemicals llc compared with baseline levels) (Table 3). These changes in blood pressure were comparable. The mean diastolic pressure of each group remained unchanged during the study period. At the 3-year follow-up, the blood pressure was 126.25 ± 8.50/76.67 ± 5.77 mmHg in the treatment group and 127.50 ± 17.08/78.75 ± 6.29 mmHg in the control group (P = 0.90

and P = 0.67, compared with baseline levels) (Table 3). At the 1-year follow-up, the mean plasma cholesterol was 4.12 ± 1.28 mmol/L in the treatment group and 5.03 ± 1.01 mmol/L in the control group (P = 0.02) (Table 3). At the 3-year follow-up, the plasma cholesterol had declined in both groups (3.90 ± 0.65 mmol/L and 4.75 ± 1.18 mmol/L, respectively) and was comparable to the baseline levels (P = 0.07 and P = 0.67, respectively) (Table 3). Adverse selleck kinase inhibitor events are listed in Table 4. There were no significant differences

in the baseline levels of AST and ALT with the levels at the 3-year follow-up, indicating they did not have evident liver toxicity. In the treatment group, the ECGs of two patients indicated prolonged QT interval. None of the patients in either group had significant changes in serum potassium. In general, probucol and valsartan were well tolerated. To the best of our knowledge, the present multi-centre study is the first clinical trial to assess the effect of an anti-oxidant Resveratrol in combination with an ARB on the progression of IgA nephropathy. Our results showed probucol plus valsartan led to a more rapid decrease of 24-h urinary protein excretion than valsartan alone. In addition, at the 1- and 2-year follow-up, patients given probucol combined with valsartan had significantly reduced 24-h urinary protein relative to baseline levels, but this reduction was not sustained at the 3-year follow-up. Although kidney function remained stable for 3 years in all of our high risk IgA nephropathy patients. All patients in our study were diagnosed with IgA nephropathy and had increased risk for rapid progression, so they can be regarded as a population with high risk for ESRD.