All of the clinical routine tests had been done to exclude any disease which could cause above mentioned symptoms. Blood pressure instability during orthostatic test had been detected in the most of cases (n = 78) The tendency to low brachial blood pressure (s/d 101/54 ± 12/9 mmHg) found in 66 cases and slightly raised brachial blood pressure (s/d 140/75 ± 9/7 mmHg) in 12 cases. All patients underwent neck and cerebral blood vessels examination as a part of clinical tests. Results of ultrasound examinations of carotid artery had been compared with the results of the same examination of control

group from 25 sex and age matched healthy individuals. As a part of routine ultrasound examinations PD-1 antibody inhibitor blood vessels of neck were examined usual way by 4–7.5 MHz linear probe and cerebral vessels by 3–3.5 MHz sectoral probe using two ultrasound systems – “Applio”, Toshiba Medical Systems and “iE-33”, Philips. Measurements had been done by one experienced examiner and data from both ultrasound systems had been compared. The small group of 7 patients was observed using both machines. Ultrasound images find more of carotid artery were acquired and IMT measurements were done using B-mode regime usual way. Blood flow was examined using Color and Power Doppler mode in a standard regime. To register arterial wall’s moving

during cardiac cycle the M-mode was applied additionally to B-mode and Color-mode images. With a high M-mode resolution it was possible to define all layers of arterial wall and to measure IMT. All measurements of vessel’s IMT and wall movement obtained from B-mode images and M-mode images had been compared and subsequent mean values had been calculated to avoid inevitable errors (Figure 1 and Figure 2). The area for measurements was carotid bulb dilation. The wall movements were measured as end-systolic (Ds) and end-diastolic (Dd) diameters of carotid artery (Fig. 1). There was a good comparability of measurements

obtained using both ultrasound systems. IMT of carotid artery of normotensive and hypotensive patients with a signs of autonomic nervous dysfunction did not differ from IMT of healthy controls (mean far wall CCA IMT 0.46 ± 0.07 mm, max −0.53 ± 0.08 mm) while patients Calpain with mild hypertension had higher rates of far wall CCA IMT (mean 0.54 ± 0.07 mm, max 0.65 ± 0.09 mm). The carotid artery distensibility was significantly higher in a patient group as compared with a group of healthy controls: 0.11 ± 0.04 cm and 0.07 ± 0.02 cm respectively. The same change in distensibility in patients with initial mild hypertension was not statistically significant. The peak systolic blood velocity in carotid artery (Vmax ± sd 125 ± 15 cm/s) was increased compared to healthy individuals (Vmax 87 ± 13 cm/s) Systolic acceleration was accompanied by increase of pulsative index (1.96 ± 0.