Another explanation of his impact, I think, is that the sum total of his contributions2 in the 1970s and 1980s (discussed below) led young and older scientists alike to realize that they were not isolated in their interests, but were, in fact, all participating in an exciting newly emerging (now fully emerged) field called psychoneuroimmunology.

Bob was a brilliant experimentalist who was totally averse to taking shortcuts in designing a protocol. His study designs were elegant in their thoroughness (and mind boggling in the number of animals used). Thanks to all the control groups included in our initial conditioning studies, the papers we wrote were airtight. TGF-beta inhibitor Verteporfin I remember talking with a well known immunologist colleague and friend who told me that after our paper on conditioned suppression of autoimmunity in NZB/W mice appeared in Science ( Ader and Cohen, 1982), he and his colleagues devoted a journal club to trying to poke holes in it. When no holes were found, my colleague stopped being

a skeptic. Although Bob did not teach a lecture course at the URMC, he did teach his postdoctoral trainees (and other scientists, including me) a great deal about the art of experimental design, data analysis, and manuscript writing. Jon Karp: I learned more from your Thursday lab meetings than you can imagine. It was not just the science

that impacted my life, but the logic and thoroughness of your approach to the scientific process. I carry much of that desire to participate in the best designed experiments as possible with me. I try to teach my students many of the things you taught me about how scientists learn about the world. The details of the science may change, but the definition of what is good science is steadfast. Marion Kohut: Going beyond current thinking, willingness to challenge existing paradigms, believing in your data even when others question your findings, those are the qualities that result in success (at least sometimes!!). Understanding Erastin price how to set up appropriate controls in experimental design is also essential. I often relay the story about one of my first lab meetings as a postdoc in Rochester with my first exposure to all of the control groups necessary in a conditioning trial (unconditioned stimulus, conditioned stimulus,…. and on and on). I remember thinking, “How many more control groups can Dr. Bob possibly think of? Willem Hendrik Gispen: Your presence at the Rudolf Magnus Institute in Utrecht, now some 40 years ago, had a formidable impact on my development as a neuroscientist. You taught me proper data analysis and scientific reasoning. You gave my mono-world of neurochemistry the multidisciplinary touch that is characteristic of true neuroscience.