(C) 2013 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved,”
“Influenza A virus (IAV) infection of epithelial cells

activates NF-kappa B transcription factors via the canonical NF-kappa B signaling pathway, which modulates both the antiviral immune response and viral replication. Since almost nothing is known so far about a function see more of noncanonical NF-kappa B signaling after IAV infection, we tested infected cells for activation of p52 and RelB. We show that the viral NS1 protein strongly inhibits RIG-I-mediated noncanonical NF-kappa B activation and expression of the noncanonical target gene CCL19.”
“Human biology is deeply integrated with the rotation of the Earth: healthy physiology is synchronized with circadian cycles, while unhealthy states are often marked by poor circadian coordination. In certain cancers including breast cancer, striking circadian rhythm dysregulation extends to endocrine, immune, metabolic, and cellular function. Disruption resulting from biological and behavioral influences has been linked with higher incidence and faster tumor progression in humans and animals. The hypothalamic SCN coordinates circadian events at the tissue and cellular level, partly via glucocorticoids that regulate genes involved in tumor

growth, cell proliferation, apoptosis, immune cell trafficking, and cytotoxicity. We present a revision of our previously published model of circadian effects in cancer (Sephton and Spiegel, Evofosfamide mw 2003) based on evaluation of new data from divergent lines of investigation. Human clinical studies show circadian endocrine disruption may be accompanied by suppressed functional cellular immunity and overactive inflammatory responses that could promote

tumor growth, angiogenesis, and metastasis. Animal data provide strong evidence of clock gene regulation of tumor cell growth. Tissue culture research demonstrates find more that biologically or behaviorally mediated down-regulation of clock gene expression can accelerate tumor growth. An integrated view suggests mechanisms by which circadian effects on tumor growth may be mediated. These include psychoneuroendocrine and psychoneuroimmune pathways, the relevance of which we highlight in the context of breast cancer. Taken together, data from clinical, systemic, cellular; and molecular research suggest the circadian clock is a tumor suppressor under both biological and behavioral control. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.”
“Mdivi-1 is a selective inhibitor of a mitochondrial fission protein Drp1. Recent studies demonstrated that inhibition of Drp1 provides neuroprotection in vitro and in vivo. In this study, we examined the role of mdivi-1 in hippocampal neuron death after seizures induced by pilocarpine. Our data showed that pretreatment with mdivi-1 (1.25 mg/kg) significantly attenuated the neuronal death in hippocampus induced by seizures. This neuroprotective effect was dose-dependent.