Cappelen`s operation is considered to be the first report of a cardiac surgical procedure.

Today trauma centers all over the world perform complex cardiac repairs due to penetrating trauma but the mortality is still high [2–5]. We report the case of a young man who suffered a large stab wound (SW) in the left ventricle and left atrium in addition to a lung injury for approximately 2 h before undergoing reparative surgery. In addition we present a literature Momelotinib cost review of penetrating cardiac injuries from 1997 – 2012 (Table1). As data source we used all available MK-4827 English-language articles from peer-reviewed journals in the Ovid MEDLINE and PubMed databases. The articles selected were relevant case reports, original articles and reviews focusing on the clinical presentation of penetrating cardiac injury, initial management, operative technique, complications and follow up. Table 1 Overview of the papers on penetrating cardiac injury from 1997 to 2012 Ref nr, author, year, journal and study origin. Study type Patients/patient group/injury site Outcomes/performed surgery Key results Comments [2] Asensio et al. (1998), J Trauma, USA. Prospective evaluation 2-year prospective evaluation of 105 penetrating cardiac injuries 65% GDC-0941 datasheet GSW (survival 16%), 35% SW (survival 65%). EDT in 76 pts with 10 survivors (16%) Presence of cardiac tamponade and the anatomical site did not predict

outcome, presence of sinus rythm when the pericardium was opened Hydroxychloroquine datasheet did   [6] Baker et al. (1998), Arch Surg, USA. Retrospective study + review 106 pts with penetrating heart injury (1989–1995): 60 GSW, 46 SW, 55% overall survival. 6 patients on CPB (4 gunshots, 2 stabs, only 2 GSW survived) Few survivors due to long time from injury to CPB.

Those who were resuscitated >5 min prehospitally had a very poor outcome. SR at admission- good prognostic sign. CPB no good to reverse outbled situation/profound shock, but necessary to repair multichamber injuries/large injuries   [7] Bar et al. (2009), Ind J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg, Israel. Retrospective study 14 pts with penetrating cardiac wound requiring operation (1999–2006) (9 SW, 2 GSW and 2 schrapnel injuries, 1 multipl trauma) 4 sternotomies, 10 anterolat thoracotomies (8 with sternum transsection). 5LV, 6RV, 3RA injuries – all single chamber injuries, no combined. No CPB, 100% survival, all discharged Mean interval from injury to surgery 37 min [8] Barbosa et al. (2011), Interact Cardiovasc Thorac Surg, Argentina. Case report 18 yr male, SW in 4th ic space in the left midclavicular line Left thoracotomy, suture of right ventricular wound at admittance Developed pneumonia/lung edema postop, after 30 days AVR for penetrated aortic valve and closure of shunt (RV -> aorta)   [9] Bowley et al. (2002), Ann Thorac Surg, South Africa. Case report 24 yr male, multiple stab wounds No vital signs, PEA, at EDT: tamponade.