Copyright (C) 2012 S Karger AG, Basel”
“Since the pioneerin

Copyright (C) 2012 S. Karger AG, Basel”
“Since the pioneering

work by Julius Adler in the 1960′s, bacterial chemotaxis has been predominantly studied as metabolism-independent. All available simulation models of bacterial chemotaxis endorse this assumption. Recent studies have shown, however, that many metabolism-dependent chemotactic patterns occur in bacteria. We hereby present the simplest artificial protocell model capable of performing metabolism-based chemotaxis. The model serves as a proof of concept to show how even the simplest metabolism can sustain chemotactic patterns of varying sophistication. It also reproduces a set of phenomena that have recently attracted attention on bacterial chemotaxis and provides insights about alternative mechanisms that could Anlotinib inhibitor instantiate them. We conclude that relaxing the metabolism-independent assumption provides important theoretical advances, forces us to rethink some established pre-conceptions STI571 purchase and may help us better understand unexplored and poorly understood aspects of bacterial chemotaxis.”
“We have studied the local charge transport properties of organic bulk heterojunction solar cells based on the blends of poly(3-hexylthiophene) and phenyl-C61-butyric acid methyl ester with a photoconductive

atomic force microscope (PCAFM). We explore the role of morphology on transport of photogenerated electrons or holes by careful consideration of the sample geometry and

the choice of the atomic force microscope (AFM) tip. We then consider the role of the film/tip contact on the local current-voltage characteristics of these structures and present a model based on a drift and diffusion description of transport. We find that our simple 1D model can only reproduce qualitative features of the data using unphysical parameters, indicating that more sophisticated modeling is required to capture all the nonideal characteristics of the selleck chemicals AFM transport measurements. Our results show that interpretation of PCAFM contrast and its relation to material morphology or charge transport is not very straightforward. [doi:10.1063/1.3595669]“
“Introduction: Many epidemiological and experimental studies report a strong role of chemical carcinogens in the etiology of bladder cancer. However, involvement of trace elements in the tumorigenesis of transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder has been poorly investigated. The aim of this study was to examine the relationship between zinc, copper and bladder cancer. Materials and Methods: Zinc and copper concentration and Cu/Zn ratio in two 36-sample series of bladder cancer tissue and sera from patients with this neoplasm were matched with those of the control group. The amount of trace elements in every tissue sample was determined using atomic absorption spectrometry. This was correlated with tumor stage.

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