In contrast, ATCC33650, known to lack perosamine (Perry & Bundle, 1990), did not exhibit this phenotype. A recent

study (Sheng et al., 2008) showed that the deletion LDK378 price of per in E. coli O157:H7 resulted in a mutant lacking the O antigen with a concomitant nonmotile, autoaggregative phenotype. The liquid cultures of this mutant also showed more rapid sedimentation than that of the parent strain. When we compared the turbidity of spent culture media obtained from strains YS-11 (wild type), 455 (wzt-deleted mutant), 455-LM (complemented strain), and ATCC33650 (per negative) cultures, both strains 455 and ATCC33650 cells showed rapid sedimentation in the medium (data not shown). Because strains YS-11 and 455-LM induced greater abscess formation in mice than did Selumetinib mw strains 455 and ATCC33650, it is likely that the biofilm-like structures as described above for these strains might be important for the pathogenicity of E. hermannii. However, it is important to note that the data presented were derived from the study of one clinical isolate; therefore, the results might not be representative of the overall pathogenic potential of this organism. As for future

studies, we will examine other strains of E. hermannii for the presence of the per cluster. More thorough investigations are also needed to determine the role of this gene cluster in biofilm formation by this organism, although the data obtained from this study strongly suggest that the wzt is involved in the exopolysaccharide production. We are grateful to Mr Hideaki Hori (the Institute of Dental Research, Osaka Dental University) for his excellent assistance with the electron microscopy. A part of this research was performed at the Institute of Dental Research, Osaka Dental University. This study was supported in part by the Osaka Dental University Research Fund (A05-09) and Osaka Dental University Joint Research Funds (B08-01). T.Y. and Y.S.-S. contributed equally to this study. “
“Myelin

oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG), a minor protein of the central nervous system myelin, is recognized as a potential target in multiple sclerosis and neuromyelitis optica. The extracellular domain of MOG is commonly used in a wide range of mouse strains and other animals to induce Enzalutamide experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), an autoimmune animal model of multiple sclerosis, because it is a target for antibody-mediated attack. Previous studies, using selected peptides, have indicated that MOG35–55 peptide is an encephalitogenic epitope in C57BL/6 (H-2b) mice. A more systematic analysis of both T-cell and B-cell responses following immunization of C57BL/6 mice with either recombinant extracellular mouse MOG protein (1–116) or with overlapping peptides spanning the whole sequence of MOG, before assessment of responses to 15 mer and 23 mer peptides was undertaken.