In humans, the bacterium colonizes both the small and large intestine resulting in fever, severe abdominal pain, and diarrhea, with possible autoimmune sequelae of infection including Guillain-Barré syndrome and reactive arthritis [3]. Expression of proteins is an energetically

costly activity. Therefore, bacteria often Protein Tyrosine Kinase inhibitor express certain proteins only under conditions where those proteins are needed for growth, survival, or pathogenicity. Growth temperatures cause differential expression of proteins in a number of pathogenic bacteria including C. jejuni [4–13], although the mechanisms of thermoregulation can be complex and result from overlapping regulatory systems. In C. jejuni, the RacRS two-component regulatory system is involved in the regulation of some proteins, although the majority of the targets have not been identified click here [14]. Because the body temperatures of humans and chickens differ (37°C and 42°C, respectively), C. jejuni is likely to express different proteins when colonizing chickens than when colonizing humans. We used

proteomics to determine which C. jejuni proteins are more highly expressed at 37°C compared to 42°C, because such upregulation might suggest an importance of these proteins in colonization of humans. One of the proteins identified was Cj0596, which is annotated as playing a role in outer membrane protein folding and stabilization. 4-Aminobutyrate aminotransferase Cj0596 was previously identified as an immunogenic outer membrane buy Belinostat protein and was named cell binding factor 2 (cbf2); it is also called PEB4 [15–19]. It was later suggested that PEB4 is not surface exposed, but is periplasmically located in association with the inner membrane [16]. Cj0596 shows homology to SurA, a peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase (PPIase) found in E. coli, and other orthologs in numerous bacteria including Helicobacter

pylori, Bacilis subtilis, and Lactococcus lactis [20–22]. PPIases have been characterized as virulence factors in Shigella flexneri, Salmonella enterica, Legionella pneumophila, Chlamydia trachomatis, Trypanosoma cruzi, and Neisseria gonorrhoeae [23–28]. Asakura et al. [29] recently characterized a cj0596 mutant of C. jejuni strain NCTC 11168, finding decreases in ability to adhere to INT407 cells and to colonize mice, and an increase in biofilm formation. However, this mutant was not complemented with a wild-type copy of cj0596, allowing some question of whether the observed phenotypes were specific for Cj0596. In this study, we examine the effects of deletion of cj0596 in a different, highly invasive C. jejuni strain (81–176) on phenotypes related to growth, protein expression, and pathogenicity.