Material and Methods: We examined our clinical records of 340 ovarian cancer cases from 1983 to 2007 to ascertain cases with brain metastases. In the molecular genetic analyses, we performed loss of heterozygosity (LOH), direct sequence and immunohistochemical

LCL161 molecular weight staining analysis of BRCA1. Results: We ascertained seven cases with brain metastases in 340 ovarian cancer cases (7/340 = 2.1%). Among the seven cases, three cases had ovarian and/or breast cancer patients in third-degree relatives. We detected four LOH-positive cases and a germline mutation of BRCA1 in two of the four cases. Furthermore, the remaining two cases showed absent staining of the BRCA1 protein. Therefore, four of seven cases with brain metastases were considered BRCA1-related ovarian cancers (4/7 = 57.1%). All four of the cases were serous adenocarcinoma. Conclusion: Our

results suggest that the loss of BRCA1 function may be involved in the phenomenon of brain metastasis from ovarian cancer. Further molecular biologic analyses will be required for a better understanding of this rare phenomenon.”
“BACKGROUND: Common irrigation water disinfection methods, which may be unable to inactivate all types of pathogens or even become phytotoxic themselves, are not very effective in controlling phytopathogens. Water disinfection by photocatalysis is a promising irrigation-water treatment for destroying phytopathogens without the drawbacks of conventional disinfection methods. Previous research has shown that solar photocatalytic

JIB-04 price technology can be used in the disinfection treatment of bacteria, protozoa and fungi, either through solar disinfection only. The purpose of this work was evaluate the TiO2 photocatalysis process to inactivate Fusarium spores in distilled and well water.

RESULTS: This paper reports on the ability of solar photocatalysis to inactivate Fusarium spores in a solar bottle reactor and in a new 60 L compound parabolic collector (CPC) prototype reactor. Inactivation of Fusarium sp spores by titanium dioxide (Degussa P25) was evaluated in distilled selleck inhibitor and natural well water. The experiments were carried out using 5 or 6 h exposure to natural sunlight at the Plataforma Solar de Almeria (Southeast Spain). The highest Fusarium spore inactivation rate during experiments was achieved with a 30 L min(-1) flow rate and 100 mg L-1 TiO2 concentration. Three different Fusarium spores (microconidia, macroconidia and chlamydospores) were individually evaluated to determine whether there were differences in resistance to the photocatalytic treatment. The results showed that chlamydospores were the most resistant, followed by macroconidia, and finally microconidia were the most sensitive.

CONCLUSIONS: Microconidia, macroconidia and chlamydospores in distilled and well water were inactivated with TiO2 slurry in a 60 L CPC photoreactor, demonstrating for the first time that it is possible to scale-up photocatalytic treatment for use and reuse of water for irrigation.