Seven lesions were in the Erastin periventricular region (with five in the periatrial region). Six patients had T1 hyperintense multilobulated lesions with “”bubbles of blood”" appearance and three patients had heterogeneous lesions with reticular core. All lesions had mass effect, edema (marked in four cases), and peripheral hemosiderin rim. Fluid-fluid levels were also common (n = 7). Most of our lesions (six of nine) were classified as type IIIA, two as type IIIC, and one as

type IA.

In children, a GCM should be considered in case of very large hemorrhagic intra-axial mass with “”bubbles of blood”" multicystic appearance, surrounding hemosiderin ring, fluid-fluid levels, and accompanying edema-mass effect, especially in the periatrial location.”
“The purpose of this study is to evaluate apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) maps to distinguish anti-vascular and anti-tumor effects in the course of anti-angiogenic YAP-TEAD Inhibitor 1 cell line treatment of recurrent high-grade gliomas (rHGG) as compared to standard magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).

This retrospective study analyzed ADC maps from diffusion-weighted MRI in 14 rHGG patients during bevacizumab/irinotecan (B/I) therapy. Applying image segmentation, volumes of contrast-enhanced lesions in T1 sequences and of hyperintense T2 lesions (hT2) were calculated. hT2 were defined as regions of interest (ROI) and registered to corresponding ADC

maps (hT2-ADC). Histograms were calculated from hT2-ADC ROIs. Thereafter, histogram asymmetry termed “”skewness”" was calculated and compared

to progression-free survival (PFS) as defined by the Response Assessment Neuro-Oncology (RANO) Working Group criteria.

At 8-12 Immune system weeks follow-up, seven (50%) patients showed a partial response, three (21.4%) patients were stable, and four (28.6%) patients progressed according to RANO criteria. hT2-ADC histograms demonstrated statistically significant changes in skewness in relation to PFS at 6 months. Patients with increasing skewness (n = 11) following B/I therapy had significantly shorter PFS than did patients with decreasing or stable skewness values (n = 3, median percentage change in skewness 54% versus -3%, p = 0.04).

In rHGG patients, the change in ADC histogram skewness may be predictive for treatment response early in the course of anti-angiogenic therapy and more sensitive than treatment assessment based solely on RANO criteria.”
“The olfactory system holds a privileged position within the adult mammalian central nervous system; olfactory neurons undergo continual replacement and regeneration of synaptic contacts following injury, a feature shared by only a select few neuronal systems. The olfactory ensheathing cell, a glial cell found only in this system, is thought to play a central role in this regenerative process and has hence been the focus of numerous studies into promoting CNS regeneration following injury, in particular of the spinal cord.