The results showed that FMO(GS-OX1-5) were expressed basically in vascular tissues, especially in phloem cells, like other glucosinolate biosynthetic genes. They were also found in endodermis-like cells in flower stalk and epidermal cells in leaf, which is a location that has not been reported for other glucosinolate biosynthetic genes. It is suggested that the spatial expression pattern of FMO(GS-OX1-5) determines the access

of enzymes to their substrate and therefore affects the glucosinolate profile. FMO(GS-OX1)-YFP fusion protein analysis identified FMO(GS-OX1) as a cytosolic protein. Together with the subcellular locations of the other biosynthetic enzymes, an integrated map

of the multicompartmentalized aliphatic glucosinolate biosynthetic pathway is discussed.”
“Warm laser shock peening Selleckchem Go-6983 (WLSP) is a new high strain rate surface strengthening process that has been demonstrated to significantly improve the fatigue performance of metallic components. This improvement is mainly due to the interaction of dislocations with highly dense nanoscale precipitates, KPT-8602 in vivo which are generated by dynamic precipitation during the WLSP process. In this paper, the dislocation pinning effects induced by the nanoscale precipitates during WLSP are systematically studied. Aluminum alloy 6061 and AISI 4140 steel are selected as the materials with which to conduct WLSP experiments. Multiscale discrete dislocation dynamics (MDDD) simulation is conducted in order to investigate the interaction of dislocations and precipitates during the shock wave propagation. The evolution of dislocation structures during the shock wave propagation is studied. The dislocation

structures after WLSP are characterized via 点击此处 transmission electron microscopy and are compared with the results of the MDDD simulation. The results show that nano-precipitates facilitate the generation of highly dense and uniformly distributed dislocation structures. The dislocation pinning effect is strongly affected by the density, size, and space distribution of nano-precipitates. (C) 2011 American Institute of Physics. [doi:10.1063/1.3609072]“
“Plasma lipoproteins are responsible for the transport and delivery of lipids throughout the body. Triglyceride-rich lipoproteins come into close contact with the arterial wall as they interact with lipoprotein lipase to unload triglycerides for storage in various tissues. We hypothesize that the attachment of plasma lipoproteins to the arterial wall facilitates the seeding of lipoproteins by reactive oxygen species that would be generated if the endothelium is damaged or inflamed. In other words, plasma lipoproteins serve as natural biosensors of the oxidative status of the endothelium.