This trial is registered with Clinicaltrials.gov, number NCT00377715.

Findings 155 (85%) patients completed the trial (78 [88%] in dimebon INCB28060 purchase group, 77 [82%] in placebo group). Treatment with dimebon resulted in significant benefits in ADAS-cog compared with placebo (ITT-LOCF) at week 26 (mean drug-placebo difference -4.0 [95% CI -5.73 to -2.28]; p<0.0001). Results of the ITT-LOCF and the

evaluable population analyses were much the same for all measures. Patients given dimebon were significantly improved over baseline for ADAS-cog (mean difference -1.9 [-2.92 to -0.85]; p=0.0005). Dimebon was well tolerated: dry mouth and depressed mood or depression were the most common adverse events associated with dimebon (12 [14%] patients for each symptom by week 26). The percentage Sirtuin activator inhibitor of patients who had adverse events in the two groups did not differ.

Interpretation Dimebon was safe, well tolerated, and significantly improved the clinical course of patients with mild-to-moderate Alzheimer’s disease.”
“Primary neuron cultures are widely used in research due to the ease and usefulness of observing individual cells. Therefore, it is vital to understand how

variations in culture conditions may affect neuron physiology. One potential variation for cultured neurons is a change in intracellular transport. As transport is necessary for the normal delivery of organelles, proteins, nucleic acids, and lipids, it is a logical indicator of a cell’s physiology. We test the hypothesis that organelle transport may change with varying in vitro population densities, thus indicating Methane monooxygenase a change in cellular physiology. Using a novel background subtraction imaging method we show that, at 5 days in vitro (DIV), transport of vesicular organelles in embryonic rat spinal cord neurons is positively correlated with cell density. When density increased 6.5-fold, the number of transported organelles increased

2.2 +/- 0.3-fold. Intriguingly, this effect was not observable at 3-4 DIV. These results show a significant change in cellular physiology with a relatively small change in plating procedure; this indicates that cells appearing to be morphologically similar, and at the same DIV, may still suffer from a great degree of variability. (C) 2008 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.”
“Background Immunisation of patients with Alzheimer’s disease with full-length amyloid-beta peptide (A beta(42)) can clear amyloid plaques from the brain. Our aim was to assess the relation between A beta(42) immune response, degree of plaque removal, and long-term clinical outcomes.

Methods In June, 2003, consent for long-term clinical follow-up, post-mortem neuropathological examination, or both, was sought from 80 patients (or their carers) who had entered a phase I randomised, placebo-controlled trial of immunisation with A beta(42) (AN1792, Elan Pharmaceuticals) in September, 2000.