, 2008). Here, for the first time, a Selleck Torin 1 colony with enhanced thermotolerance was isolated from a paired culture of two entomopathogenic B. bassiana isolates. A mixture of B. bassiana ERL1578 and ERL1576 conidia was inoculated on quarter-strength Sabouraud dextrose agar supplemented with yeast extract (¼SDAY). The paired culture (ERL1578 + 1576) was cycled three times to increase the frequency of possible hyphal fusion. Each of the two isolates (non-paired) served as controls in the cycling. Two morphologically different colonies were isolated from the third cycled paired culture using a heat treatment as a selection

pressure. All colonies, including the non-paired colonies, were observed morphologically and subjected to a thermotolerance selleck products test and a bioassay against Western flower thrips (WFT), Frankliniella occidentalis (Pergande) (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) followed by the examination of conidial yield. Beauveria bassiana ERL1578 and ERL1576 were obtained

from the Entomology Research Laboratory Worldwide Collection of Entomopathogenic Fungi. ERL1578 and ERL1576 were isolated from soil in Mexico in 2005 and in Vermont, USA in 2008, respectively. They were active against WFT. The two isolates were grown on ¼SDAY (pH 6) in darkness at 25 ± 1 °C for 10 days (Humber, 1997). A mixture of ERL1578 and ERL1576 conidia was inoculated on ¼SDAY and this paired culture was cycled three times at 25 ± 1 °C for 10 days per cycle to increase the frequency of possible hyphal fusion. To make innocula, ERL1578 and ERL1576 conidia were produced on ¼SDAY in 60-mm Petri dishes at 25 ± 1 °C for 10 days. A mycotized agar disc (6 mm diameter) was aseptically taken from each

culture using a sterile cork borer and placed separately in an Eppendorf tube which contained 0.08% polysiloxane polyether copolymer (siloxane) (Silwet L-77®) solution. The tube was vortexed for 30 s. The suspension was then filtered through Tyrosine-protein kinase BLK a layer of sterile cloth mesh with square pores (c. 150 × 150 μm). All conidial suspensions were adjusted to 1 × 107 conidia mL−1. ERL1578 and ERL1576 conidial suspensions were mixed (0.5 mL each). A 50-μL aliquot of the mixture was then spread on ¼SDAY in a 60-mm Petri dish. ERL1578 and ERL1576 conidial suspensions (50 μL per plate) were individually spread on the medium as controls. Fused hyphae per plate were roughly counted at 18 and 24 h post-inoculation and hyphal tip growth and morphology were observed continuously under a microscope. Plates were held at 25 ± 1 °C in darkness for 10 days. After culturing, conidia were harvested for use as innocula for the next cycle. Concentrations of 0.2% siloxane, rather than 0.