Most articles published in the past decade were designed:
(1) to investigate polymeric parameters of nitrocellulose (e.g., molar mass distribution, viscosity and specific refractive index) by size-exclusion chromatography;
(2) to determine the morphological
and thermal characteristics of nitrocellulose using thermal and spectroscopic techniques; and,
(3) to study the thermal, biological and mechanical degradation of nitrocellulose by thermal, spectroscopic, and mass spectrometric (MS) techniques, alone or coupled to gas S3I-201 price chromatography.
However, the few papers that focused on the determination of nitrocellulose used in explosives employed analytical techniques [e.g., vibrational techniques (infrared and Raman spectroscopy), MS and ion-mobility spectrometry (IMS) and liquid chromatography (LC) (high-performance LC and ion chromatography)]. Most of the information reported by these techniques GANT61 mouse has been qualitative. Only quantitative determination of nitrocellulose or its nitrogen content has been performed by measuring the nitrite and/or nitrate ions released from its basic hydrolysis. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.”
“Purpose of review
Dyslipidaemias are noted in all stages of chronic kidney disease (CKD). Currently
most evidence for their treatment comes from secondary retrospective analyses of patient subgroups with CKD recruited into clinical trials powered of hypertensive Nutlin-3 cell line and dyslipideamic cohorts powered for cardiovascular endpoints. These analyses suggest a number of different beneficial effects of statins
(3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase inhibitors) on renal, cardiovascular and mortality outcomes. However, there is disagreement on the impact of interventions at different CKD stages, and on treatment targets.
Recent findings
The Study of Heart and Renal Protection (SHARP) trial published in June 2011 was the first trial specifically powered to investigate atherosclerotic outcomes in CKD patients. It found a 17% overall reduction in major adverse cardiac events in the statin-treated group compared with placebo, yet no effect on any renal outcomes of proteinuria and progressive decline of glomerular filtration rate. Furthermore, the Swedish Web-system for Enhancement and Development of Evidencebased care in Heart disease Evaluated According to Recommended Therapies (SWEDEHEART) investigators provided further important observational data on the beneficial effect of statins in CKD stages I-IV.
Summary
The evidence that statins have a cardiovascular and mortality benefit in CKD stages I-IV has been reinforced by SHARP, which also definitively shows that there are no special safety concerns for their administration in CKD. However, the utility of the use of statins in patients on dialysis is far from clear, at least in our opinion.