This study also contributes to the unsolved problem of prevention and/or therapy of Cd toxicity. Presented findings provide evidence that Mg besides its ability to reduce Cd body burden method during intoxication can also prevent, at least partly, Cd-induced alterations in the concentrations of bioelements Zn, Cu, and Mg.Conflict of InterestsThe authors declare that there is no conflict of interests.AcknowledgmentsThis study was financially supported in part by the Ministry of Science and Technological Development (Grant no. III46009) and the Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Belgrade, Serbia.
Abnormalities in acid-base and electrolytes are common in critical care settings, and it is therefore important that these abnormalities are understood and interpreted correctly to ensure appropriate treatment of patients.

Stewart’s physicochemical approach [1, 2] is considered to provide more specific analysis and insights into the pathogenesis of acid-base disorders [3]. Stewart suggested that PaCO2, a strong ion difference (SID) and total weak acid concentration were the three independent variables that controlled hydrogen ion and bicarbonate concentrations [2].Disparity of positive and negative charges of strong ions is termed SID with chloride and sodium being the two main elements that determine SID [1, 2]. This is because chloride is a strong anion that provides a large amount of negative charge in extracellular fluid [4]. As a consequence, chloride plays an important role in acid-base balance. However, chloride has received less attention than other ions, and acid-base analysis is often not carried out from the perspective of chloride levels.

As a result, many questions remain to be answered, such as the incidence of chloride abnormalities and effects of these changes on acid-base balance and clinical outcome in critically ill patients [5].This study aimed to assess the significance of chloride GSK-3 levels in critically ill patients by determining the incidence of chloride abnormalities, characteristics of acid-base balance, and clinical outcome in critically ill patients.2. Materials and MethodsThe study was approved by the Institutional Review Board of Okayama University Hospital in Japan. Because all data used in the study were collected during routine practice, informed consent was waived.2.1. Study ProtocolWe carried out a retrospective examination of critically ill patients in a 22-adult bed medical and surgical intensive care unit (ICU) at Okayama University Hospital.