(C) 2011 American Institute of Physics. [doi:10.1063/1.3638694]“
“Purpose: To prospectively compare the effect of intravenous injection of low-osmolar iopamidol with that of intravenous injection of iso-osmolar iodixanol on heart rate (HR) during nongated chest computed tomographic (CT) angiography.

Materials and Methods: This multicenter study was approved by local institutional review boards, and patients provided written informed consent. Patient enrollment and examination at Cilengitide price centers in the United States complied with HIPAA regulations. One hundred and thirty patients (54 male; mean age, 52 years) clinically suspected of having pulmonary embolism were referred for pulmonary CT angiography and

were randomly assigned to receive 80 mL of either iopamidol (370 mg of iodine per milliliter, n = 63) or iodixanol (320 mg of iodine Lonafarnib supplier per milliliter, n = 67) at a rate of 4 mL/sec. HR (measured in beats per minute) was monitored from 5 minutes before the start of injection to the end of imaging, and precontrast HR and maximum postcontrast HR were recorded. Student t and chi(2) tests were used for continuous and categorical variables, respectively.

Results: Precontrast HR in patients who received iopamidol (mean, 81 beats per minute +/- 18 [standard deviation]) was similar to that in patients who received iodixanol (mean, 77 beats per minute +/- 17) (P = .16). Mean postcontrast HR was 87 beats per minute +/- 17 and 82 beats per minute +/- 18 (P = .16) in

the iopamidol and iodixanol groups, respectively. Mean increase from precontrast HR to postcontrast HR was 5 beats per minute +/- 9 and 5 beats per minute +/- 7 (P = .72) in the iopamidol and iodixanol groups, respectively. Thirty-five (56%) of the 63 patients who received iopamidol and 33 (49%) of the 67 patients who received iodixanol had an HR increase of fewer than 5 beats

per minute, 15 (24%) and 18 (27%) patients, respectively, had an increase of 5-9 beats per minute, and four (6%) and three (4%) patients, respectively, had an increase of more than 20 beats per minute. These proportions were not significantly different between the groups (P = .51, chi(2) test).

Conclusion: High-rate intravenous administration of 80 mL of iopamidol and iodixanol during pulmonary CT angiography slightly increased HR; there was no difference in HR between the contrast agent groups.”
“Background

Chronic myelogenous Selleckchem LY3023414 leukemia (CML) presenting as multiple skin chloromas is an extremely lore manifestation. Though often seen in acute myelogenous leukemia, to date there have been no reporter) cases of CML presenting its multiple skin chloromas in the chronic phase. Chloromas in blastic phase of CML at different body sites have been reported previously.

Case

A 53-year-old. African American male presented to his primary case provider with multiple skin nodules. A complete blood found showed a high white cell count, for which he was transferred to a University tertiary care center.

Here, we review our current understanding of the mechanisms of HIV-1 assembly, budding, and maturation, starting with a general overview and then providing detailed descriptions of each of the different stages of virion morphogenesis.”
“Tracheal intubation remains a common procedure during neonatal intensive care. Rapid confirmation of correct tube placement is important because tube malposition is associated with serious adverse outcomes. The current gold standard test to confirm tube position is a chest radiograph, however this is often delayed until after ventilation has commenced. Hence, point of care methods to confirm

correct tube placement have been developed. The aim of this FK866 cost article Selisistat manufacturer is to review the available literature on tube placement in newborn infants. We reviewed books, resuscitation manuals and articles from 1830 to the present with the search terms “”Infant, Newborn”", “”Endotracheal intubation”", “”Resuscitation”", “”Clinical signs”", “”Radiography”", “”Respiratory Function Tests”", “”Laryngoscopy”", “”Ultrasonography”", and “”Bronchoscopy”". Various techniques have been studied to help clinicians assess tube placement. However, despite 85 years of clinical

practice, the search for higher success rates and quicker intubation continues. Currently, chest radiography remains the gold standard test to confirm tube position. However, rigorous evaluation of new techniques is required to ensure the safety of newborn infants. (C) 2012 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.”
“Asthma is the result of a complex interaction between environmental factors and genetic variants that confer susceptibility.

GSK2245840 Studies of the genetics of asthma have previously been conducted using linkage designs and candidate gene association studies. Recently, the association study design has been extended from specific candidate genes to an unbiased genome-wide approach: the genome-wide association study (GWAS). To date, there have been 12 GWAS to look for susceptibility loci for asthma and related traits. The first GWAS for asthma discovered a novel associated locus on chromosome 17q21 encompassing the genes ORMDL3, GSDMB and ZPBP2. None of these genes would have been selected in a candidate association study based on current knowledge of the functions of these genes. Nevertheless, this finding has been consistently replicated in independent populations of European ancestry and also in other ethnic groups. Thus, chromosome 17q21 seems to be a true asthma susceptibility locus. Other genes that were identified in more than one GWAS are IL33, RAD50, IL1RL1 and HLA-DQB1. Additional novel susceptibility genes identified in a single study include DENND1BI and IL2RB. Discovering the causal mechanism behind these associations is likely to yield great insights into the development of asthma.

Weanling bulls lost 7.0% of their live weight during the sea crossing from Ireland to France. The live weight loss in control animals ranged from 1% to 2% during the same period. The percentage of time that

bulls spent lying was 63.5% for the sea journey and 35.4% for the journey from the French lairage to the Italian feedlot. The average daily gain (kg) of transported animals was greater (P <= 0.05) than control animals from day 11 to 38 (Spain) and day 11 to 40 (Italy), respectively. While transient changes in physiological, haematological and immunological variables were found in the transported and control animals relative to baseline levels, the values were within the normal physiological range for the age and weight of animals involved. Physiological Galardin cell line measurements made after the road and sea journeys indicated that the 24 h rest in the lairage, with hay and water freely available, allowed animals to recover substantially. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.”
“B-lymphocyte stimulator/B activating factor (BLyS/BAFF) is a tumour Selleck AZD2014 necrosis factor-family cytokine that plays a key role in generating and maintaining the mature B-cell pool. BLyS/BAFF expression by macrophages is stimulated by interferon-gamma and interleukin-10, and its serum levels are increased in chronic hepatitis C (CHC). The aim of this study was to assess serum levels of BLyS/BAFF in patients with acute

hepatitis C (AHC) and correlate them with disease outcome. We studied 28 patients with AHC (14 males, mean age 59.3 +/- 15 years), followed for at least 7 months since onset, comparing them with 86 CHC patients and 25 healthy blood donors (HBD). BLyS/BAFF levels

were assessed at baseline (within 4 weeks of onset) and during follow-up. Copanlisib manufacturer BLyS/BAFF median levels were significantly higher in AHC (1485 pg/mL) than in CHC (1058 pg/mL) and in HBD (980 pg/mL) (P < 0.001). BLyS/BAFF levels were higher in AHC patients evolving to chronicity (1980 pg/mL) than in those with a self-limited course (1200 pg/mL), (P = 0.02). By logistic regression analysis, higher BLyS/BAFF levels were independently associated with persistence of HCV infection (OR 29.7; 95% CI: 1.73-508.20). High serum levels of BLyS/BAFF at onset of AHC can predict its evolution to chronic infection.”
“We have fabricated Nb-doped SrTiO3 bicrystals with (100) similar to 45 degrees twist boundary by changing the fabricating conditions and demonstrated that they can exhibit a large resistance switching effect. Nb:SrTiO3 bicrystals cooled at the rate of -300 K/h show an asymmetric large hysteresis in current-voltage characteristics and the magnitude of resistance change attains two orders of magnitude. The resistance state can also be switched by the application of voltage pulses with different polarity and both states can be memorized for over 5 h at room temperature.

CONCLUSIONS: NSAP persistence may be associated with a decreased quality of life. Emphasis should be put on providing early counselling and support, with the aim of minimising the long term

detrimental side effects of NSAP.”
“Safe and efficient exposure of Descemet membrane is the key to success in deep anterior lamellar keratoplasty. Although widely used, the big-bubble technique has the drawback of difficulty in maintaining appropriate needle insertion depth in the corneal stroma, resulting in injected air sometimes escaping to the peripheral cornea without separation of Descemet membrane. We describe a variation of the big-bubble technique in which air is STI571 chemical structure injected into the anterior chamber before it is injected into the stroma. By observing the reflection selleckchem created on the surface of the air, a needle can be inserted deep into the stroma without puncturing Descemet membrane.

This allows safe and efficient separation of Descemet membrane. Moreover, air in the anterior chamber can be used as an indicator of successful Descemet membrane separation as air is shifted to the periphery with creation of the big bubble.”
“Irradiation effect in C-60 films induced by 170 keV B ion was investigated by means of Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) and Raman spectroscopies. The damage cross section sigma and the effective damage radius R are deduced from the experimental data of all four IR active modes and evident four Raman active modes of C-60 molecule. The differences on irradiation sensitivity

and structural stability of the different active modes of C-60 molecule are compared. The results indicate that T-1u (4) of infrared active mode and A(g) (1) of Raman active mode are most sensitive for B ion irradiation. On the other hand T-1u (2) of infrared active mode and H-g (3) of Raman active mode are comparatively stable under B ion irradiation. (C) 2010 American Institute of Physics. [doi:10.1063/1.3512968]“
“QUESTION UNDER STUDY: To investigate the aetiology and long-term clinical outcomes of patients diagnosed with digital ischemia.

METHOD: Data of 36 consecutive patients presenting with digital ischemia were collected in July 2000 to June MEK162 MAPK inhibitor 2001 from a vascular referral centre. Demographic data, aetiology, medication and treatment were abstracted from the medical records. Clinical outcomes were assessed at 5 year follow-up including ulcer healing, digital amputation and mortality.

RESULTS: Of the 36 patients, 69.4% were male and the mean age was 55 +/- 14 years. In 15 patients (41.7%) a systemic disease was present and of those 53.3% was due to connective tissue disease. Twelve patients (33.3%) had hypothenar hammer syndrome and in 8 patients (22.2%) no apparent cause was found. Whereas 13 patients (36.1%) presented with rest pain or trophic lesions at baseline, no patients presented with these symptoms at follow-up. At follow-up, 18 (62.

This article reports the SMART analyses of four failed sepsis investigations.

Methods: Databases from the E5 antiendotoxin antibody, North American Sepsis Trial (NORASEPT) and NORASEPT II anti-tumor necrosis factor antibody (TNFMAb), interleukin (IL)-1ra, and platelet-activation factor acetylhydrolase (PAF-AH) sepsis clinical trials were evaluated with SMART using multivariate logistic regression. From baseline data, within each study, mortality prediction models were Cyclosporin A built separately for the placebo and active drug populations. Subjects among whom each drug’s effects were greatest were then identified by excluding from efficacy analysis subjects predicted by SMART to survive on placebo or to expire on

active drug. Finally, prerandomization data from patients in each study were entered into SMART models, and placebo or active drug treatment effects were evaluated for parent populations and SMART cohorts.

Results: E5-consensus

mortality: 27.4% placebo, 26.2% E5; SMART mortality: 17.1% placebo, 8.0% E5 (p < 0.01). NORASEPT-consensus mortality; 33.4% placebo, 29.5% TNFMAb; SMART mortality: 47.2% placebo, 34.7% SRT1720 TNFMAb (p = 0.03). IL-1ra-consensus mortality: 33.9% placebo, 29.8% IL-1ra; SMART mortality: 55.6% placebo, 34.9% IL-1ra (p < 0.001). PAF-AH-consensus mortality: 22.4% placebo, 23.9% PAF-AH; SMART mortality: 17.7% placebo, 28.9% PAF-AH (p = 0.039).

Conclusions: Using prerandomization clinical trial data, SMART identifies septic patients whose host-inflammatory responses can benefit from specific drugs. SMART also predicts ineffective drugs and patients whom they might harm.”
“Combination of anaerobic-aerobic sequencing Screening Library cell line processes result in both anaerobic color removal and aerobic aromatic amine removal during the treatment of dye-containing wastewaters. The aim of the present study was to gain more insight into the competitive biochemical reactions between sulfate and azo dye in the presence of glucose as electron donor source. For this aim, anaerobic-aerobic sequencing batch reactor fed with a simulated textile effluent including Remazol Brilliant Violet 5R (RBV 5R)

azo dye was operated with a total cycle time of 12 h including anaerobic (6 h) and aerobic cycles (6 h). Microorganism grown under anaerobic phase of the reactor was exposed to different amounts of competitive electron acceptor (sulfate). Performance of the anaerobic phase was determined by monitoring color removal efficiency, oxidation reduction potential, color removal rate, chemical oxygen demand (COD), color, specific anaerobic enzyme (azo reductase) and aerobic enzyme (catechol 1,2-dioxygenase), and formation of aromatic amines. The presence of sulfate was not found to significantly affect dye decolorization. Sulfate and azo dye reductions took place simultaneously in all operational conditions and increase in the sulfate concentration generally stimulated the reduction of RBV 5R.

Known-group validity of the Q-LES-Q-SF was satisfactory in distinguishing patients with and without depression, according to hierarchical HDAC inhibitor regression analyses. Evidence of concurrent validity

was provided for the Q-LES-Q-SF, and its two subscales identified significant correlations with other measures.

The Chinese Q-LES-Q-SF was shown to have adequate validity and reliability. It may be a useful tool to measure patients’ quality of life in Chinese societies.”
“This review gives an up-to-date account of the current state of research on neuropsychiatric complications associated with efavirenz therapy and critiques the methods used in previous studies. The authors suggest an extension of current research strategies using psychophysiological concepts and including behavioral regulation models. From a practical perspective, these may contribute to better screening methods for the identification of those at risk for neuropsychiatric complications and the improvement of neuropsychiatric monitoring selleck compound during efavirenz treatment. From a theoretical viewpoint, the suggested research paradigms may help to move beyond the current state of descriptive approaches and thus improve our limited understanding of underlying mechanisms.

(The Journal of Neuropsychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences 2010; 22:361-369)”
“Electron spin resonance (ESR) spectroscopy has been widely applied in the research of biological free radicals for quantitative and qualitative

analyses of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS). The ESR spin-trapping method was developed in the early 1970s and

enabled the analysis of short-lived free radicals. This method is now widely used as one of the most powerful tools for free radical studies. In this report, some of the studies that applied ESR for the measurement of ROS and RNS during oxidative stress are discussed.”
“This study is designed to evaluate and compare follicular phase parameters during ovarian stimulation with the clomiphene citrate (CC) and letrozole (LET) in unexplained infertile patients who failed to get pregnant following frequent CC-treated cycles.

A total of 64 unexplained infertile women who failed to get pregnant following frequent Emricasan CC-treated cycles were studied for one CC-treated cycle (100 mg/day), 2 washout cycles, and then 1 LET-treated cycle (5 mg/day). Number of follicles over 14 mm in diameter, diameter of the largest follicles, endometrial thickness, serum estradiol (E2) and LH levels were measured when one mature follicle over 18 mm in diameter detected during transvaginal ultrasonography.

The mean value of the largest follicle diameter, number of developed follicles > 14 mm, endometrial thickness and LH in LET-treated cycle was significantly higher than CC-treated cycle (P values were 0.007, < 0.001, < 0.001, and 0.004, respectively), whereas mean level of E2 showed a significantly lower level during LET-treated cycle (P < 0.001).

“
“Endopolyploidy, i.e. amplification of the genome in the absence of mitosis, occurs in many plant species and happens along with organ and cell differentiation. Deciphering the functional roles of endopolyploidy is hampered by the fact that polyploid tissues generally comprise cells with various ploidy levels. In some fleshy fruits (amongst them tomato fruit) the ploidy

levels present at the end of development range from 2C to 256C in the same tissue. To investigate the temporal and spatial distribution of endopolyploidy it is necessary to address the DNA content of individual nuclei in situ. Conventional methods such as fluorometry or densitometry can be used for some tissues displaying favorable characteristics, e. g. small cells, small nuclei, organization in a monolayer, Duvelisib but high levels of varying polyploidy are usually associated with large sizes of nuclei and cells, in a complex three dimensional (3-D) organization of the tissues. The conventional methods are inadequate for such tissue, becoming semi-quantitative and imprecise. We report here the development of a new method based on fluorescent in situ bacterial artificial chromosome CBL0137 cell line hybridizations that allows the in situ determination of the DNA ploidy level of individual nuclei. This method relies on the counting of hybridization

signals and not on intensity measurements and is expected to provide an alternative method for mapping endopolyploidy patterns in mature, 3-D organized plant tissues as illustrated by the analysis of ploidy level and cell size in pericarp from mature green tomato fruit.”
“Calmodulin (CaM) is a ubiquitous Ca2+ buffer and second messenger that affects cellular function as diverse as cardiac excitability, synaptic plasticity, and gene transcription. In CA1 pyramidal neurons, CaM regulates two opposing Ca2+-dependent processes that underlie memory formation: long-term potentiation (LTP) and long-term depression (LTD). Induction of LTP and LTD require activation of Ca2+-CaM-dependent enzymes: Ca2+/CaM-dependent

kinase II (CaMKII) and calcineurin, respectively. Yet, it remains unclear as to how Ca2+ and CaM produce these NVP-BSK805 concentration two opposing effects, LTP and LTD. CaM binds 4 Ca2+ ions: two in its N-terminal lobe and two in its C-terminal lobe. Experimental studies have shown that the N- and C-terminal lobes of CaM have different binding kinetics toward Ca2+ and its downstream targets. This may suggest that each lobe of CaM differentially responds to Ca2+ signal patterns. Here, we use a novel event-driven particle-based Monte Carlo simulation and statistical point pattern analysis to explore the spatial and temporal dynamics of lobe-specific Ca2+-CaM interaction at the single molecule level. We show that the N- lobe of CaM, but not the C-lobe, exhibits a nano-scale domain of activation that is highly sensitive to the location of Ca2+ channels, and to the microscopic injection rate of Ca2+ ions.

“
“Epitaxial La2NiMnO6 films were grown on (100)-oriented SrTiO3 and (LaAlO3)(0.3)-(SrAl0.5Ta0.5O3)(0.7) (LSAT) substrates under various growth conditions by pulsed laser deposition. Ferromagnetism and transport properties of B-site-ordered perovskite are greatly influenced by growth conditions. Optimum growth conditions of epitaxial La2NiMnO6 films, which exhibit the ferromagnetism similar to bulk properties,

are different for SrTiO3 and LSAT substrates probably due to the difference in surface migration. Since the initial stage of epitaxial growth might vary with the type of substrates, the ordering of Ni and Mn ions is different. Therefore, the ferromagnetism of La2NiMnO6 depends on the epitaxial growth conditions and type of substrates. (C) 2011 American Institute of Physics. [doi:10.1063/1.3641982]“
“This retrospective cohort study from click here a single clinical practice enrolled patients with evidence of calcified Peyronie’s disease (PD) plaques detected on penile ultrasound

at the time of initial presentation. The primary objective was to describe the effect of pentoxifylline (PTX) treatment on subtunical calcifications in men with PD. A PD-specific questionnaire was administered and sonographic ARN-509 evaluations were performed at baseline and follow-up visits. Descriptive statistics and chi(2) analysis were used to characterize the effect of PTX on calcified tunical plaques. In all, 71 men (mean age: 51.9 years) with PD and sonographic evidence of calcification were identified. Of them, 62 of these men were treated with PTX for a mean duration of 1 year, and nine with vitamin E or no treatment. Improvement or stabilization in calcium burden at follow-up was noted in 57 (91.9%) of men treated with PTX versus four (44.4%) of those not treated with PTX (P < 0.001). PTX users were much less likely to have a subjective worsening of their clinical condition (25.0% versus 78.3%, P=0.002). Treatment with PTX appeared to stabilize or reduce calcium content in PD plaques. A randomized controlled Alvocidib cell line trial is warranted to further explore this effect. Asian Journal of Andrology (2011) 13, 322-325; doi:10.1038/aja. 2010.117; published online

22 November 2010″
“Heat stress transcription factors (Hsfs) are the central regulators of defense response to heat stress. We identified a total of 25 rice Hsf genes by genome-wide analysis of rice (Oryza sativa L.) genome, including the subspecies of O. japonica and O. indica. Proteins encoded by OsHsfs were divided into three classes according to their structures. Digital Northern analysis showed that OsHsfs were expressed constitutively. The expressions of these OsHsfs in response to heat stress and oxidative stress differed among the members of the gene family. Promoter analysis identified a number of stress-related cis-elements in the promoter regions of these OsHsfs. No significant correlation, however, was found between the heat-shock responses of genes and their cis-elements.

The synergism observed in mechanical properties of the films before and after CaCl(2) treatment Bindarit is attributed to reduction in molecular mobility and change in molecular network structure. Structural reorganization in CaCl(2)-treated films, and thereby film properties, is dependent on the compositions of the blends; blended films show sharp glassy-rubbery transition in the storage modulus-temperature plot, which is not the case in untreated films. Film flexibility increases with increasing Pectin content in the blends. (C) 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 120: 2324-2336, 2011″
“The

aim of this meta-analysis was to evaluate the effects of different exercise prescription parameters during cancer treatment on cancer-related fatigue (CRF). We also aimed to gain insight into the safety and feasibility of exercise during adjuvant cancer treatment. A systematic search of LY2090314 CINAHL, Cochrane Library, Embase, Medline, Scopus and PEDro was carried out. Randomised controlled trials studying the effects of exercise during cancer treatment on CRF were included. In total, 18 studies (12 in breast, four in prostate and two in other cancer patients) met all the inclusion criteria.

During breast cancer treatment, home-based exercise lead to a small, non-significant reduction (standardised mean difference 0.10, 95% confidence interval -0.25 to 0.45), whereas supervised aerobic exercise showed a medium, significant reduction in CRF (standardised mean difference 0.30, 95% confidence interval 0.09 to 0.51) compared with no exercise. A subgroup analysis of home-based (n = 65) and supervised aerobic (n = 98) and resistance exercise programmes (n = 208) in prostate

cancer patients showed no significant reduction in CRF in favour of the exercise group. Adherence ranged from 39% of the patients who visited at least 70% of the supervised exercise sessions to 100% completion of a home-based walking programme. In more than half the studies (12 of 18; 67%) adverse events were reported. Eight events in total (0.72%) occurred in these studies. (C) 2010 The Royal College of Radiologists. Published Nutlin-3 clinical trial by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.”
“Background: Cyclooxygenase 2 (COX-2) is related to carcinogenesis and progression of cancer. COX-2 has been detected in thyroid cancer. This suggests that COX-2 inhibitor may be useful to control the growth of thyroid cancer cells as well as the progression of thyroid cancer. Tetrachlorodibenzodioxin (TCDD), acting as an inflammatory cytokine, directly induces the expression of COX-2. We examine whether TCDD controls the effect of COX-2 inhibitor on thyroid cancer cells. Methods: The effects of TCDD and celecoxib on thyroid papillary carcinoma cell line (SNU790) were examined using cell proliferation and fluorescence-activated cell sorting analysis. Western blot analysis was performed to determine the expressed COX-2 levels and the cell cycle-related proteins.

Because of the materials and dimensions of the surgical implants that underwent testing, these findings pertain to 61 additional similar implants.”
“Hypothyroidism can have a variety of presentations. ZD1839 manufacturer We report here a case of acquired hypothyroidism in a pediatric patient who first presented with bilateral supraclavicular swelling. Hypothyroidism and its presenting signs and symptoms are discussed with a focus on the less

common findings that can be associated with hypothyroidism in children.”
“In this paper, poly (amidoamine-co-acrylic acid) copolymer (PAC) was synthesized and its dye removal ability was investigated. The functional groups of PAC were studied using Fourier transform infrared (FTIR). Direct Red 31 (DR31), Direct Red 80 (DR80) and Acid Blue 25 (AB25) were used as model compounds. The effects of operational parameters such as adsorbent dosage, pH and salt on dye removal were evaluated. The isotherm and kinetics of dye adsorption were studied. The maximum dye adsorption capacity (Q(0)) of PAC was 3400 mg/g. 3448 mg/g and 3500 mg/g for DR31, DR80 and AB25, respectively.

It was found that adsorption of DR31, DR80 and AB25 onto PAC followed with Langmuir isotherm. Adsorption kinetics of dyes followed pseudo-second order kinetics. Dye desorption tests (adsorbent regeneration) showed that the maximum dye release of 88% for DR31, 90% for DR80 and 86% for AB25 were achieved in aqueous solution at pH 12. The results showed that the PAC as a polymeric adsorbent Emricasan with high dye adsorption capacity might be a suitable alternative to remove dyes Silmitasertib cell line from colored wastewater. (C) 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.”
“Background: We sought to investigate the relationship between infarct and dyssynchrony post-myocardial infarct (MI), in a porcine model. Mechanical dyssynchrony post-MI is associated with left ventricular (LV) remodeling and increased mortality.

Methods: Cine, gadolinium-contrast, and tagged cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) were performed pre-MI, 9 +/- 2 days (early post-MI), and 33 +/- 10 days (late post-MI) post-MI in 6 pigs to characterize cardiac morphology, location and extent of MI, and regional mechanics.

LV mechanics were assessed by circumferential strain (eC). Electro-anatomic mapping (EAM) was performed within 24 hrs of CMR and prior to sacrifice.

Results: Mean infarct size was 21 +/- 4% of LV volume with evidence of post-MI remodeling. Global eC significantly decreased post MI (-27 +/- 1.6% vs. -18 +/- 2.5% (early) and -17 +/- 2.7% (late), p < 0.0001) with no significant change in peri-MI and MI segments between early and late time-points. Time to peak strain (TTP) was significantly longer in MI, compared to normal and peri-MI segments, both early (440 +/- 40 ms vs. 329 +/- 40 ms and 332 +/- 36 ms, respectively; p = 0.0002) and late post-MI (442 +/- 63 ms vs. 321 +/- 40 ms and 355 +/- 61 ms, respectively; p = 0.012).